ACADEMIC WRITING · APA 7TH EDITION
DOIs and URLs
A DOI is a persistent identifier for a work; a URL is a web address. If a work has a DOI, include the DOI even if you used a print copy. When both are available, use the DOI rather than adding a second URL.
Format it as https://doi.org/xxxxx. Most references do not need “Retrieved from.” A retrieval date is reserved for unarchived content designed to change.