EXCEL · DATA SKILLS
Variables and score definitions
Browse Excel lessons
- Excel for basic data analysis
- Cells and ranges
- Columns and readable headings
- Enter and edit cells
- Share files and embed objects
- Fill a series
- Save a practice copy
- Prepare data for analysis
- Dates and number formats
- Variables and score definitions
- Enter and check practice data
- Insert and delete rows
- AutoSum and totals
- Copy formulas with relative references
- Calculate the mean
- Calculate standard deviation
- Excel references and next steps
The supplied example retains three historical column labels: anxiety, depression, and anger. Each has five fictional integer scores from 1 through 5. The labels do not establish a validated scale, diagnosis, or direction of scoring.
Before analyzing real survey data, document the item wording, response labels, missing-value rules, and any reverse coding or composite-score method. Summaries of ordinal items require methodological judgment; this tutorial demonstrates Excel operations rather than selecting a statistical analysis for a study.
Reference: Microsoft Support. Menu names may vary by platform and update.