RESEARCH · METHODS · EVIDENCE
Read t-test output
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- Statistics for research
- Center and spread
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- Compare means with t-tests
- Read t-test output
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- Read an ANOVA table
- Analyze categorical counts
- Read chi-square output
- Describe an association
- Read correlation results
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Read the method first: one-sample, paired, pooled equal-variance, or Welch. The degrees of freedom depend on that method and may be non-integer for Welch’s test.
For paired observations, analyze the within-pair differences; the usual paired t-test has n − 1 degrees of freedom for n complete pairs. Check the sign of the difference and the direction of the hypothesis before interpreting output.
References: NIST paired observations